Coughs and sneezes spread diseases – Especially covid!
“Although reported cases and deaths are declining globally, and several countries have lifted restrictions, the pandemic is far from over – and it will not be over anywhere until it’s over everywhere. The virus continues to evolve, and we continue to face major obstacles in distributing vaccines, tests and treatments everywhere they are needed.” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO’s Director General.
Jonathan Goodman works at the Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies at the University of Cambridge. He’s been discussing the danger of coughs and sneezes with New Scientist magazine. In his opinion it’s about time coughing and sneezing in public became just as socially unacceptable as leaving a used nappy in a public place, attracting the same level of disgust and unease.
If you’re keen to avoid covid, have been out and about, and seen people coughing and sneezing without masks in public spaces, you’ll probably feel pretty nervous. If you’re back at work in an office, shop, surgery or other premises and your fellow employees are coming into work with colds – or potentially covid – you might feel very reluctant indeed to go to work. If the place you work is full of coughing, sneezing members of the public, many employees just won’t feel safe. No wonder Jonathan Goodman thinks coughing and sneezing in public needs to become a big cultural no-no... and fast.
In a world where schools are teaching pupils to cover their noses and mouths when they cough or sneeze, personal hygiene is slowly becoming more of an everyday consideration. But there is, apparently, a huge variation in the way people follow the guidance, and many don’t bother at all.
Unlike the feelings of disgust most of us feel when we see a used nappy abandoned and stinking, we don’t have the same reaction to the potentially dangerous or even lethal airborne particles released by coughing and sneezing. We don’t all follow the same ‘socially prescribed rules’. It seems crazy when, just like the diseases spread by human waste, these days coughing and sneezing in public can kill.
In Goodman’s view we need to learn a simple lesson and learn it fast. We learned how to avoid cholera when we discovered it was transmitted by dirty water back in 1854. It’s about time we did the same in 2022 for coughing and sneezing. Only then will we manage, through the process of ‘cultural transmission’, to stop the spread of covid and other, potentially more deadly respiratory diseases. Think SARS, MERS, and worse.
In Goodman’s words, “This pattern of adopting and passing on social conventions has been hugely beneficial for us. It seems strange, then, that when faced with diseases that are extremely infectious and potentially deadly, such as covid-19, many of us cough and splutter in public – despite the fact that this perpetuates the spread of infections. This makes each of us indirectly responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people a year worldwide.”
One explanation seems to make sense. Humanity is used to viruses affecting the respiratory system – colds, flu and so on. They’re part of everyday life so don’t scare us as much as they need to. People catch a cold and go to work all the same. They get flu and spread it around without thinking. And the same seems to be happening with covid.
Masks and isolation are no longer the law. It’s a choice. This means we really need to stop being so cavalier about taking our diseases out and about with us, giving them to other people. The risk of a dangerous new covid variant still exists. The more of us catch covid, the bigger the risk of it turning into something truly deadly, killing millions more of us before a vaccine can be created.
In Goodman’s opinion now, more than ever, we need to ‘take personal responsibility’, distance ourselves when ill, and avoiding mixing at work and socially when we’re in the grip of a virus – any virus. In a world where there are no longer effective laws in place to protect us, “coughing and sneezing in public should be reviled”.
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