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There's been a flurry of media interest about new, current and evolving viruses for 2025, including some disturbing reports about bird flu in Canada, Mongolia and the USA. In this post we take a look at the viral health threats we may face in 2025, and reveal how to stay safe from them. The winter norovirus season gets off to a horrible start The media reports on an '80 per cent rise' in severe illness that leaves people feeling totally wiped out, and experts are wondering whether a new antigen might be behind the surge. If so it won't be the only virus to skyrocket this winter, adding to the already heavy burden of flu, regular norovirus, RSV and Covid. There are worries that norovirus in particular might have become more severe, especially since some counties have seen a dramatic increase in norovirus infections. If the new antigen makes it easier for the virus to spread, leads to a more serious illness or both, it could explain the sharp increase in cases. So far we do know that this winter's norovirus seems to be making people more ill than usual, with some GPs seeing entire families out of action because of it and others hospitalised because of dehydration. New HMPV outbreak hits China Human Metapneumovirus is very like a common cold, with coughs and wheezes, a runny nose and a sore throat. Like the common cold, most of the time it's mild but it can be serious in small children, people with weak immune systems and those over 65. Now we're seeing a new HMPV virus outbreak in China, whose symptoms are a bit different. Social media reports from China suggest hospitals are being overwhelmed and crematoriums are full thanks to the outbreak, adding to the country's current winter outbreaks of influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Covid. Some say they're on the brink of declaring a health emergency. So far there's no vaccine for HMPV. This year's flu virus is a particularly nasty one The 2024-25 flu season is by all accounts a nasty one. One UK Health Security Agency report from late 2024 says flu had already increased compared to the previous season and was circulating at high levels. No wonder more than 4000 of us spent Christmas Day in hospital with flu, and so many others took such a long time to recover. It's partly down to the slump in flu vaccinations. During the Covid pandemic free jabs were offered to all over 50s. Now it is only available to people over 65 and those at special risk. Add the fact that vaccine uptake has dropped, with fewer than 35% of higher risk adults having their flu jab, and you can see why things are headed in an unwanted direction. Too many frontline healthcare staff have also decided not to get the jab at just under 43%, not good news for people in hospital. We need a 90% uptake for the vaccination programme to limit flu outbreaks. On the bright side the current rise isn't unprecedented, not as bad as the 2022-23 season which caused 5000 flu deaths a week in England alone. H5N1 bird flu jumps between animals and humans Scientists have been keeping a careful eye on bird flu for almost 30 years, first identified in geese during 1996. While the virus only causes mild infections in humans, classed as low pathogenic, H5N1 often kills birds so for them it is highly pathogenic. Mongolian horses are in the news for catching H5N1 bird flu, and of course humans can also catch it. We've just seen the first human death from bird flu in the USA. Luckily, so far, human bird flu is rare, usually a 'dead-end infection' because it doesn't spread from human to human. In 2021 it turned up in North America, having evolved from infecting birds to making a wide variety of mammals ill. So far it has spread to 48 species across 26 or more different countries, with massive death tolls for marine mammals as well as land creatures, being called a global pandemic for animals. A Canadian teenager who caught the disease late in 2024 became seriously ill. It turned out that H5N1 had managed to evolve enough to infect cells in her respiratory system. The same goes for the person who caught it in Louisiana, USA. Now infectious disease experts are saying the virus's continual spread is making its transformation into a 'fully human' pathogen more likely. The latest news? On January 10th San Francisco Department of Public Health said a child had caught H5N1 avian flu, origin unknown. We hope the child recovers. UVC sanitising tech does the job So what can you, as a business owner, do to keep your employees safe from these infections, protect your customers, and keep your part of the supply chain going strong? The answer is simple and reliable. Our UVC disinfection tech is affordable, simple, safe, clean, cheap to run, comes with little or no maintenance, and kills a huge list of pathogens stone dead in seconds. If you'd like to know more, get in touch.

In recent times, the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been making headlines due to its surge in cases, particularly in China. While HMPV is not a new virus, its recent uptick has raised concerns about respiratory illnesses. HMPV is a known respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms, including cough, fever, and nasal congestion. However, it can lead to more severe respiratory issues, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. Given the potential for HMPV and other viruses to spread, it's imperative for businesses to implement effective disinfection strategies to protect employees and customers. One such method is the use of UVC light technology. How UVC light works Ultraviolet C (UVC) light, with wavelengths between 200–280 nm, is known for its germicidal properties. When microorganisms are exposed to UVC light, it damages their DNA or RNA, rendering them incapable of replication and effectively neutralising them. This makes UVC light a powerful tool in disinfecting air, surfaces, and water. Beckman Laser Institute Benefits of UVC light for businesses Chemical-free disinfection: UVC light provides a non-chemical method of disinfection, reducing the reliance on potentially harmful cleaning agents. Broad-spectrum efficacy: UVC light is effective against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and moulds. Cost-effective: While the initial investment in UVC equipment is required, it can lead to long-term savings by reducing the need for chemical disinfectants and manual cleaning efforts. Enhanced safety: Regular use of UVC light can help maintain a healthier environment, potentially reducing absenteeism due to illness. Implementing UVC light in your business To effectively incorporate UVC light into your disinfection protocols, consider the following steps: Assess your space: Evaluate the size and layout of your premises to determine the appropriate UVC equipment needed. Choose the right products: Select UVC devices that are suitable for your environment, whether it's a mobile steriliser for flexible use or ceiling-mounted units for continuous operation. Follow safety guidelines: Ensure that all UVC equipment is used according to manufacturer instructions to prevent exposure to harmful UV radiation. Integrate into routine cleaning: Incorporate UVC disinfection into your regular cleaning schedule to maintain consistent hygiene standards. By adopting UVC light technology, businesses can enhance their disinfection efforts, providing a safer environment for all. At Cooltech UVC, we offer a range of UVC sanitising solutions designed to meet the diverse needs of various industries. Our products are lab-tested and proven to achieve high kill rates against pathogens, including viruses like HMPV. Investing in UVC disinfection not only demonstrates a commitment to health and safety but also positions your business as a responsible and proactive entity in the face of emerging health threats.

UVC light is a powerful and potent killer of bacteria, viruses, spores, moulds and other pathogens, so will it also be able to help halt the spread of the new crop of diseases the WHO is warning us about for next year? Every pathogen has to be tested, of course, to see if it really can be killed by UVC light, but the signs are very good indeed. This type of light, at this special wavelength, is deadly to so many communicable diseases, it's likely to kill those on the WHO's latest hit list as well. As the festive season approaches, let's explore the risks humanity faces in 2025. 17 threats on the World Health Organization's latest vaccine development list The WHO has listed 17 disease-causing bacteria, viruses and parasites as top priorities for new vaccine development going forwards. It's the first ever study to globally assess and prioritise these common diseases based on how badly they affect our health regionally and globally. So far the focus of vaccine research has been on commerce, with profit put first. This new WHO report focuses on humanity's needs, not profit. They asked international and regional experts for their vaccine research and development priorities based on disease, deaths, their socioeconomic impact and any existing disease resistance. The resulting list reflects the needs of diverse populations across the planet, revealing ten top priority pathogens for each of the WHO’s six regions. When combined the global list contains 17 urgent common pathogens that are already endemic, already needing urgent action. Three of the most deadly, which together kill almost two and a half million of us a year, are HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis, and these remain long standing priorities for vaccine research Joining the list for 2025 is Group A streptococcus, a severe infection that contributes to 280,000 deaths a year from rheumatic heart disease in poorer nations Klebsiella pneumoniae is a newbie, a bacteria associated with 790,000 deaths in 2019 alone and, in poor countries, responsible for 40% of deaths in newborns thanks to sepsis The full WHO Priority endemic pathogens list We need vaccine research for these: Group A streptococcus – UVC is already proved to kill Streptococcus faecalis ATCC29212 and Streptococcus viridans Hepatitis C virus – UVC kills both Hepatitis A HM175 and Infectious Hepatitis HIV-1 Klebsiella pneumoniae – UVC kills both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella terrigena ATCC33257 Vaccines for these need more work: Cytomegalovirus Influenza virus (broadly protective vaccine) – UVC kills the Influenza virus Leishmania species Non-typhoidal Salmonella – UVC already kills Salmonella anatum, derby, enteritidis, infantis, paratyphi, typhosa and typhimurium Norovirus – UVC kills norovirus Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) Shigella species – UVC kills Shigella dyseteriae, flexneri, paradysenteriae, and sonnei ATCC9290 Staphylococcus aureus, which UVC kills along with Staphylococcus albus, hemolyticus, aureus phage A and lactis These vaccines are almost there, on the brink of approval, recommendation or introduction: Dengue virus Group B streptococcus – UVC kills Streptococcus faecalis ATCC29212 and Streptococcus viridans Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli – UVC kills Escherichia coli O157:H7 CCUG 29193 and O157:H7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) The extra risks posed by mass displacement With wars currently displacing millions of people, leaving them in conditions with poor hygiene, vaccines are even more important than ever. Experts say the number of people on the move is going to increase because of poverty, lack of food security, no access to basic healthcare, water shortages, climate change, environments being destroyed, and natural disasters. Refugees and migrants' health issues are made worse by a lack of hospitals, medicines and doctors plus language barriers, different cultures, discrimination, social and economic exclusion, poverty, homelessness and exploitation, all of which make disease more likely and will help spread diseases faster. Different ways for diseases to spread Pathogens are transmitted to humans in different ways, originating in different animals. The source of SARS-CoV-2, for example, is still a mystery, although bats and pangolins are probably its natural hosts. Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originate in bats, SARS-CoV transmitted to humans by the Palm Civet and MERS-CoV by Arabian camels. Filoviruses originate in bats before being spread to humans by wildlife. Rift Valley fever virus comes from mosquitoes, spread to humans by cows. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus originates in ticks before being spread to humans by cows and other domestic animals. Lassa fever virus (LASV) originates in a kind of mouse, Zika virus comes from mosquitoes, Nipah comes from bats and is spread to humans via pigs, the list goes on. How does UVC disinfection help in this complex context? UVC light safely kills pathogens quickly and efficiently in the air and on every surface it touches. This makes our UVC hygiene units an excellent choice for healthcare settings, which is why it is already used by so many hospitals around the world and has been relied on for so many decades. Bring safe, clean, effective UVC hygiene to your healthcare business, food production business or any other setting where hygiene is critical and you'll enjoy low cost tech that's easy to fit, costs next to nothing to run because the light is emitted by LEDs, and contains no nasty chemicals. It's a dazzlingly good way to keep people safe from disease. PS. We'd like to wish our customers a happy, profitable and peaceful Christmas and an excellent 2025.

Our UVC Kill List is long and impressive, testament to how good UV light at this special wavelength is at killing pathogens and other infectious agents stone dead, fast. This time we’re taking a tour of two spores you really don’t want in your life: Bacillus anthracis - also known as Anthrax - and Clostridioides difficile - also called C. Diff. Protect your business with our UVC hygiene units and if either of these horrors finds its way indoors, it won’t be able to make employees ill or put your customers at risk. About Bacillus anthracis – the spore that causes anthrax Anthrax can cause severe illness in people and animals, and the bacterium that causes it lives naturally in the soil everywhere on our planet. It usually gets passed onto humans via infected animals or contaminated animal products. Maybe you breathe anthrax spores in, eat food or drink water contaminated with the spores, or it finds its way under your skin via a graze or cut. The type of illness that develops depends on how the anthrax spores get into your body in the first place: the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal system. If left untreated, however it gets in, the illness can kill. Cutaneous Anthrax happens when the spores get into a cut or graze and under the skin, often when someone’s handling animal wool, hair or hide. This is the commonest and also the least dangerous type of infection. First you see itchy blisters or bumps, then a big swelling at the source of the infection followed by large painless circular lumps with an ugly black centre on the face, arms hands or neck. Gastrointestinal Anthrax is caught by eating raw or undercooked meat from an infected animal, and it’s relatively rare in the West. It affects the throat, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. You get fever and chills, swollen neck glands and a sore throat, which give way to hoarseness, nausea and vomiting or bloody vomit, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, a headache, red face and eyes, a painful swollen stomach and fainting spells. Inhalation Anthrax happens when you breathes anthrax spores into your lungs, the most deadly type of all and found in workplaces like mills, slaughterhouses and tanneries. It starts off in the lymph nodes in the chest then spreads to the rest of the body. You first get fever and chills, then heavy sweating followed by a painful chest and a cough or difficulties breathing. Confusion, dizziness, head and body aches, then nausea and vomiting, stomach pains and extreme exhaustion follow. Welder’s Anthrax has only just been discovered, a rare disease found in metalworkers. It causes serious pneumonia and can be fatal, kicking off with fever, chills, a sudden cough and chest pain, leading to breathing difficulties and even coughing up blood. However you catch it, anthrax can show up anything from just one day to two months after exposure, which sometimes makes it a challenge to pin down the source. About Clostridioides difficile – C. diff C. diff causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon, and it too can be deadly. It can infect anyone of any age and mostly turns up when you've been taking antibiotics for something else. It’s the biggest cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalised people. You’re as much as 10 times more likely to get C. diff while on antibiotics and for a month afterwards. Because antibiotics kill all bacteria, not just the dangerous ones, the worst infections are given a window of opportunity to thrive. The longer you take antibiotics the greater the risk of catching C. Diff, and people aged over 65 and those with a compromised immune system are at the most risk. The bacterium causes around 14,000 cases a year in the UK and one in six people get it for a second time 2-8 weeks later. One in eleven people die within a month of having the disease. Diarrhea, fever and a tender or painful stomach join a poor appetite and nausea to make you feel awful. In a serious case the complications include dehydration, colitis, toxic megacolon or even sepsis, which can kill. Found in excrement as well as floating around in the indoor environment, the dormant spores can last for years. Only when they get inside the intestines do they activate to cause illness. It’s treated with special antibiotics like vancomycin or fidaxomicin, taken for at least 10 days. You might have to go to hospital and if you’ve had it once, you can easily get it several more times. C. diff tends to turn up in healthcare settings like hospitals and nursing homes, which is why so many healthcare businesses already use UVC light to keep patients, staff and visitors safe. Stop worrying, start using our UVC disinfection units Low cost, easy to fit, low on energy use with little or no maintenance, our UVC units are proven to kill both of these nasties in minutes, in the air and on every surface the light touches. If your business could be affected by either disease, get in touch for an inspiring conversation about killing both of them along with a multitude more spores, bacteria, viruses and moulds.

“None of us are truly prepared unless all of us are prepared in our pursuit of global health security and resilience against future shocks.” Ebere Okereke and colleagues, British Medical Journal

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About the latest mpox outbreak

Professor Steve Griffin at Leeds University is worried about Covid. In his words, “Another wave is building.” The fact that comparatively few people bothered to have their spring booster jab could make things a lot worse because, in his words, “There is a considerable difference between the current vaccines and circulating viruses." So has Covid complacency put us in danger? We’re all going to catch multiple Covid infections Covid is just like the common cold. It keeps on morphing, leaving vaccines lagging behind, making them ever-less effective as time passes and new variants arise. This diminishing immunity of the general population is one reason why Covid is spreading again. And it looks like that’s where the future lies. According to Paul Hunter, an epidemiology expert at the University of East Anglia, we’re all going to catch Covid repeatedly, from birth to death, in exactly the same way as we catch the common cold. How the new Covid wave is progressing Right now the UK is on the brink of a wave. Covid deaths rose by 26.4% in the week leading to 7th June, going from 110 to 139. In the week leading to 12th June cases rose by 7.8%, with 2053 people reporting infections. Covid-led hospital admissions shot up from 2.67 people per 100,000 to 3.31 per 100,000. On 26th June testing revealed 1 in 25,000 people were probably infected. Today’s variants aren’t as dangerous as older variants On the bright side, the severity of the illness itself has dropped significantly despite the surge in infections and hospitalisations driven by the new variants KP2, KP3 and J1, known collectively as FLiRT. The UKHSA is keeping a close eye on the new strains and the latest government advice is to self-isolate for 5 days if you catch any of them, keeping it under control and helping vulnerable people stay safe. There’s a new map to check, to see how the wave is going in your area. You can check it out here. Age and vulnerability still matters Most people being hospitalised so far are in the 85 plus age group and there are increases in other age groups too, for people aged 75 – 84 and 65 – 74. We’re also seeing more cases in most of the younger age groups, which is concerning because it’s summertime. Hopefully the wave will be over by the time the winter arrives, when flu, colds and Covid tend to spread faster because we’re all indoors. A timely reminder that UVC light kills Covid FAS This is the perfect time to remind everyone who runs a business that our UVC light units, which run on a special wavelength that kills a huge number of pathogens, kills Covid fast. And that means it’s a reliable way to keep your employees healthy, minimise sick days, keep production going, keep visitors and suppliers who visit your place safe and, of course, protect your customers if you run a public-facing company. Our UVC sanitising units also happen to be a bargain to buy, easy to fit and retrofit, super-cheap to run because they use LEDs to generate the light, and come with barely any maintenance. Some of them are fitted, others are portable. We have special units for vehicle disinfection, and even an in-duct air purification probe. Covid clearly isn’t going to go away, nor are most of the other pathogens on our Kill List. If you’d like to relax in the knowledge you’re doing everything possible to keep people safe from all these illnesses, give us a call or email us to arrange a chat.

Ecoli is on the march again