Preparing for the next pandemic with a universal flu vaccine
Ask any scientist working in the field and you’ll get the same answer: yes, there will be another pandemic. It’s only a matter of time.
The risk of a deadly flu pandemic or another kind of coronavirus pandemic has always been present but now, thanks to covid, we’re a lot more aware of the dangers. So can we prepare ourselves for the next one? Apparently we can, and there has already been good progress made towards a ‘universal vaccine’ so good it could mean we don’t have to have annual flu jabs any more. Here’s what you need to know.
There’s a high risk of new coronaviruses arising and spreading
If an animal flu virus makes a leap into people, it can become a lot more deadly. Take the H1N1 bird flu which killed 1 in 20 people who caught it in 1918-19. If we had another of those running wild, it’d be a lot worse than covid.
Since the biggie everyone knows about in 1918, we’ve seen four more flu pandemics. Luckily none of them were quite as lethal. But the more birds and pigs we farm intensively, the more we crowd people and animals together in unnatural ways, and the more we rely on international travel, the bigger the risk of novel flu viruses arising, and the bigger the risk they’ll break out to infect humans.
Right now the H5N6 bird flu strain is worrying scientists, with 25 cases in humans so far in 2021 compared to just 26 between 2014 and 2020. 50% of infected people have died. Every new person infected represents another opportunity for the virus to mutate, and then spread like wildfire. And if that happened the flu vaccines we have right now would be useless, since the antibodies we produce against one flu virus quickly become ineffective against its descendants, and they simply don’t work against viruses they aren’t designed to protect us against.
How to make a universal flu vaccine
The scientists trying to make a universal flu vaccine have a tough job ahead of them, but it’s entirely possible. The task involves a combination of two main approaches, the first an antibody-led approach targeting external parts of the virus and the second encouraging a T-cell response. Tests have had varied results. One small human trial didn’t work very well, with 33% of those developing flu when exposed to the virus compared to 55% of those who hadn’t been given the jab. Ultimately, the experts reckon the best results might come from combining both approaches and using the new, innovative mRNA method used by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech to create their covid jabs.
Right now around a dozen potential universal flu vaccines are being tested in people around the world, and there are many more in the pipeline. Some have already failed miserably. But ongoing advances in vaccination technologies and the massive worldwide effort being made mean it’s only a matter of time before there’s a vaccine that works better than any of the current flu jabs, and protects us for longer.
While it isn’t likely we’ll see just one jab giving us protection for life, a year isn’t unrealistic and some say a decade or two’s worth of protection is ‘achievable’. Let’s hope it happens soon. The more prepared we are for another coronavirus pandemic, the better, If we can give a universal flu vaccine to enough people fast enough, we could potentially save millions of lives.
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